Journal of Science Policy & Governance | Volume 17, Issue 01 | September 30, 2020
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Policy Memo: Beyond Cash Bail: Public Health, Risk Assessment, and California Senate Bill 10
Zoe Guttman (1), Yuki Hebner (2), Kanon Mori (3), Jonathan Balk (4)
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Keywords: science policy; mental health; public health; risk assessment; cash bail; pretrial detention; California
Executive Summary: The detrimental effects of incarceration on physical and mental health are widely acknowledged. However, 76% of the United States jail population is awaiting trial without having been convicted of a crime (Sawyer and Wagner 2020). This is driven by the monetary bail system, which the state of California moved to abolish by passing the 2018 California Money Bail Reform Act (Senate Bill 10, hereafter SB 10). SB 10 proposes the use of algorithmically driven risk assessment tools to determine pretrial release. However, actuarial risk assessments are not calibrated to California’s diverse demography and are insufficient to determine which defendants pose flight or public safety risks. SB 10 is predicted to perpetuate similar socioeconomic and racial disparities as the current system, while failing to decrease pretrial detention. We recommend opposing SB 10 in favor of pretrial release for most misdemeanor and nonviolent defendants. The funding currently allocated for pretrial detainment should be redirected toward evidence-based and restorative pretrial supervision practices through the enactment of new bail-reform legislation by the state of California. Increasing the use of diversion programs, which redirect defendants to the appropriate mental health or substance abuse programs, also presents opportunities to restore treatment to the jurisdiction of public health rather than criminal justice. Transitioning from a reliance on pretrial detention to pretrial services will mitigate the collateral effects of incarceration while improving public health, public safety, and substantially reducing the cost of incarceration.
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Zoe Guttman is currently completing the Interdepartmental PhD Program for Neuroscience at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research stands at the intersection of cognitive neuroscience, behavioral economics, and addiction to understand decision-making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Zoe holds a BS in Neural Science and Psychology from New York University. She is also the co-founder and president of the Science Policy Group at UCLA.
Yuki Hebner is a student in the Gene Regulation, Epigenomics, and Transcriptomics PhD program at the University of California, Los Angeles. She studies chromatin remodeling during human corticogenesis to understand the epigenetic drivers of neuropsychiatric diseases. Previously, she studied histone biology at Wesleyan University. She is the internal vice president of the Science Policy Group at UCLA.
Kanon Mori is a pre-medical undergraduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles majoring in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and minoring in Public Health. She currently conducts research to determine physician and health system factors that cause variation in the quality of care for patients with neurodegenerative diseases. She is most interested in the intersection of health and policy to advocate for a more equitable healthcare system.
Jonathan Balk is a recent graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles and is currently a research assistant at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California. His work has contributed to a NASA additive manufacturing in space program. Currently, he is working on space policy and space domain issues supporting a variety of government organizations. He has additional interests in social justice and education policy.
Yuki Hebner is a student in the Gene Regulation, Epigenomics, and Transcriptomics PhD program at the University of California, Los Angeles. She studies chromatin remodeling during human corticogenesis to understand the epigenetic drivers of neuropsychiatric diseases. Previously, she studied histone biology at Wesleyan University. She is the internal vice president of the Science Policy Group at UCLA.
Kanon Mori is a pre-medical undergraduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles majoring in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and minoring in Public Health. She currently conducts research to determine physician and health system factors that cause variation in the quality of care for patients with neurodegenerative diseases. She is most interested in the intersection of health and policy to advocate for a more equitable healthcare system.
Jonathan Balk is a recent graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles and is currently a research assistant at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California. His work has contributed to a NASA additive manufacturing in space program. Currently, he is working on space policy and space domain issues supporting a variety of government organizations. He has additional interests in social justice and education policy.
DISCLAIMER: The findings and conclusions published herein are solely attributed to the author and not necessarily endorsed or adopted by the Journal of Science Policy and Governance. Articles are distributed in compliance with copyright and trademark agreements.
ISSN 2372-2193
ISSN 2372-2193