Journal of Science Policy & Governance
  • Home
  • About
    • About
    • JSPG Anniversary Page
    • Staff
    • Ambassadors
    • Boards >
      • Advisory Board
      • Governing Board
      • Editorial Board
    • Careers >
      • Associate Editor
      • Ambassador
    • Partners
    • Sponsorships
    • Contact
  • Volumes
    • GHFUTURES2030 Strengthening Youth-centered Policy and Governance of Digital Transformations in Health.
    • UNESCO AND MGCY OPEN SCIENCE POLICIES AS AN ACCELERATOR FOR ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
    • Volume 21 Issue 01 >
      • Cover Memo: Volume 21, Issue 1, Summer Standard Issue
    • JSPG and UCL STEAPP Special Topics: Innovations in Science Diplomacy >
      • Cover Memo: Volume 20, Issue 3, Special Issue on Innovations in Science Diplomacy
    • Sigma XI-JSPG Special Issue: Re-envisioning STEM Education and Workforce Development for the 21st Century
    • Volume 20 Issue 01
    • JSPG Volume 19 Issue 01 (10 Years of Publishing)
    • Special Issue: 2021 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Special Issue: Shaping the Future of Science Policy
    • JSPG-UK SIN Special Issue: Climate Change Solutions
    • Volume 18 Issue 01
    • Special Issue: 2020 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Volume 17 Issue 01 (Supported by AAAS STPF)
    • JSPG-UN MGCY Special Issue: Impacts of Emerging Technologies
    • Volume 16 Issue 01
    • Volume 15 (Supported by CSPC)
    • Special Issue: 2019 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Volume 14
    • Volume 13
    • Volume 12
    • Volume 11
    • Volume 10
    • Volume 9
    • Volume 8
    • Volume 7
    • Volume 6
    • JSPG-UCS Special Issue: Healthy Food Policy
    • Volume 5
    • Volume 4
    • Special Issue: Hot Topics 2013
    • Volume 3
    • Volume 2
    • Volume 1
  • Submit to JSPG
    • Special Topics Call for Submissions: Policy and Governance on Science, Technology and Global Security
    • Special Topics Call for Submissions: Development Policy and Global Change Science to Achieve the Vision of Sustainable Americas
    • Submission deadlines and guidelines
  • Announcements
    • News
    • Blog
  • Events
    • JSPG, APS FPS Events
    • JSPG, IAI Events
    • Leadership chat series
  • Training
    • Writing
    • Resources
  • Media Mentions
  • Policy in action
  • Podcast

A New (Cold) Front in Polar Intelligence? Trends and Implications of Technology- Enabled Monitoring in the Arctic

Journal of Science Policy & Governance
​Volume 19, Issue 01 | November 01, 2021

Policy Analysis: A New (Cold) Front in Polar Intelligence? Trends and Implications of Technology- Enabled Monitoring in the Arctic

Kathryn Urban
American University, School of International Service, Washington, DC

Corresponding author: kurban@american.edu
DowNLOAD PDF
Keywords: Arctic security; emerging technology; intelligence; surveillance and reconnaissance; international competition​
Share this article:
Tweet
https://doi.org/10.38126/JSPG190111

Executive Summary

The Arctic has gained increasing attention from defense and intelligence policymakers concerned about great power conflict in the High North. United States-Russian competition in the region over polar shipping routes and natural resources seemingly contradicts institutional commitments to retain the Arctic as a “low tension zone.” Superpowers and their allies are receiving international condemnation for advancing kinetic military activity in the region while constituents and interest groups are instead advocating for diplomacy and cooperative restraint. As a result, Arctic nations are turning towards extensive reconnaissance and monitoring of the region to deter conflict. This study draws on strategy documents from each of the eight Arctic nations, scholarly research, and news coverage to assemble a picture of current efforts at technology-enabled monitoring. It also examines the potential of technologies such as long-range surveillance drones, satellites, and seabed monitors to facilitate near-constant reconnaissance by polar powers. The current deterrence mindset of Arctic security postures bears comparison with Cold War-era efforts to prevent outright conflict via monitoring and mitigation strategies. This study provides a historic account of Arctic intelligence in the 20th century and uses a comparative approach to assess what aspects of the contemporary situation are genuinely new and which may benefit from lessons of the Cold War. It concludes with policy recommendations for Arctic states to implement cohesive northern monitoring strategies into their intelligence organizations as well as long-term guidelines for new multilateral fora focused explicitly on Arctic security issues.

-Read the full article through download.-

DOWNLOAD PDF
<< Previous Article
Next Article >>

Background header image by David Mark from Pixabay

Kathryn Urban is a master’s candidate of global security at American University’s School of International Service and a fellow with the Center for Security, Innovation, and New Technology. She is also a summa cum laude graduate of the George Washington University Elliott School of International Affairs.
 
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Dr. Audrey Kurth Cronin for her support throughout the lifecycle of this project. From conceptual discussions to literature suggestions to draft comments, this paper would not have come to fruition without her guidance.

References

  1. Aliyev, Nurlan. 2019. “Russia’s Military Capabilities in the Arctic.” RKK ICDS, June 25, 2019. https://icds.ee/en/russias-military-capabilities-in-the-arctic/. 
  2. Arctic Council. n.d. “Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://arctic-council.org/en/about/working-groups/amap/. 
  3. Arctic Regional Climate Centre Network. n.d. “Climate Monitoring.” Accessed April 6, 2021 https://www.arctic-rcc.org/climate-monitoring. 
  4. Atland, Kristian. 2014. “Interstate Relations in the Arctic: An Emerging Security Dilemma?”
  5. Comparative Strategy 33, no. 2 (2014): 145-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2014.897121
  6. Bamford, James. 2015. “Frozen Assets.” Foreign Policy, May 11, 2015. https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/11/frozen-assets-arctic-espionage-spying-new-cold-war-russia-canada/.
  7. Berglund, Nina. 2016. “Norway ready for spying of its own.” News in English Norway, February 29, 2016. https://www.newsinenglish.no/2016/02/29/norway-ready-for-spying-of-its-own/. 
  8. Black, Bernard. 2021. “Denmark raises investment in Arctic surveillance to counter Russia’s accumulation.” Eminetra, February 14, 2021. https://eminetra.com/denmark-raises-investment-in-arctic-surveillance-to-counter-russias-accumulation/372399/. 
  9. Boring, Maj and T Keith. 2014. Operational Arctic: The Potential for Crisis or Conflict in the Arctic Region and Application of Operational Art. Fort Leavenworth: United States Army Command and General Staff College.
  10. Boulegue, Mathieu. 2019. Russia’s Military Posture in the Arctic: Managing Hard Power in a ‘Low Tension’ Environment. Chatham House.
  11. https://um.fi/documents/35732/0/Chatham+House+Russias+Military+posture+in+the+Arctic_Managing+Hard+Power+in+a+Low+Tension+Environment.pdf/9e353596-2c1d-bc59-f66a-5487937268be?t=1568107600468 
  12. Bury, Patrick and Michael Chertoff. 2020. “New Intelligence Strategies for a New Decade.” The RUSI Journal 165, no. 4 (2020): 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2020.1802945 
  13. Bye, Hilde-Gunn. 2021. “Arctic Council, EU, NATO on Agenda as Military Leaders Addressed Arctic Security Issues.” High North News, May 14, 2021. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/arctic-council-eu-nato-agenda-military-leaders-addressed-arctic-security-issues.
  14. Bye, Hilde-Gunn. 2018. “National Interests and Security Policies in the Arctic Region among Arctic States.” Master’s diss., University of Denver. 
  15. Charles River Editors. 2016. World War II In the Arctic. New York: Charles River Editors.
  16. Charron, Andrea. 2015. “Canada, the Arctic, and NORAD: Status quo or new ball game?” International Journal 70, no. 2 (2015): 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702015572998
  17. Danilov, D. 2017. “NATO: Trump’s Burden.” International Affairs 63, no. 3 (2017): 29-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/IAF.48992136 
  18. The Danish Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018. “New Danish Foreign and Security Policy Strategy.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://um.dk/en/news/newsdisplaypage/?newsid=01fc577b-6bf2-4fd7-8572-5af0534cf599. 
  19. Denece, Eric. 2014. “The Revolution in Intelligence Affairs: 1989-2003.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 27, no. 1 (2014): 27-41.https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842796 
  20. The Department of the Air Force. 2020. “Arctic Strategy.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://www.af.mil/Portals/1/documents/2020SAF/July/ArcticStrategy.pdf.
  21. Dettmer, Jamie. 2019. “Deadly Arctic Submarine Blaze Casts Light on Russia’s Underwater Intel Service.” Voice of America, July 8, 2019. https://www.voanews.com/europe/deadly-arctic-submarine-blaze-casts-light-russias-underwater-intel-service. 
  22. Devyatkin, Pavel. 2018. “Russia’s Arctic Strategy: Military and Security (Part II).” The Arctic Institute, February 13, 2018. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/russias-arctic-military-and-security-part-two/. 
  23. Doel, Ronald E., Robert Marc Friedman, Julia Lajus, Sverker Sorlin, and Urban Wrakberg. 2014. “Strategic Arctic science: national interests in building natural knowledge – interwar era through the Cold War.” Journal of Historical Geography 44, no. 1 (April 2014): 60-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2013.12.004 
  24. Durkee, Jack. 2018. “China: The New “Near-Arctic State.”” Wilson Center, February 6, 2018. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/china-the-new-near-arctic-state. 
  25. E.L. 2011. “Secret history: How close were Finnish-American relations in the Cold War.” The Economist, December 1, 2011. https://www.economist.com/eastern-approaches/2011/12/01/secret-history. 
  26. English, Robert and Andrew Thvedt. 2018. “The Arctic.” In Routledge Handbook of Russian Foreign Policy, edited by Andrei P. Tsygankov, 338-350. New York: Routledge.
  27. Eversden, Andrew. 2021. “7 allies sign onto polar research project.” C4ISRNet, April 11, 2021. https://www.c4isrnet.com/c2-comms/mobility/2021/04/11/7-allies-sign-onto-polar-research-project/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EBB%2004.12.21&utm_term=Editorial%20-%20Early%20Bird%20Brief. 
  28. Farish, Matthew. 2013. “The Lab and the Land: Overcoming the Arctic in Cold War Alaska.” History of Science Society 104, no. 1 (March 2013): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1086/669881 
  29. Farquhar, John T. 2014. “Arctic Linchpin: The Polar Concept in American Air Atomic Strategy, 1946-1948.” Air Power History 61, no. 4 (December 2014): 34-45. 
  30. Fleener, Craig L. 2013. “US Arctic Policy: A Race for the Arctic, Intelligence and National Security Implications.” Master’s diss. American Military University. 
  31. Gioe, David V., Michael S. Goodman, Tim Stevens. 2020. “Intelligence in the Cyber Era: Evolution or Revolution?” Political Science Quarterly 135, no. 2 (2020): 191-224.https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.13031 
  32. The Government of Canada, National Defence. 2008. “Canada First Defence Strategy.” Accessed April 6, 2021. http://www.forces.gc.ca/assets/FORCES_Internet/docs/en/about/CFDS-SDCD-eng.pdf. 
  33. The Government of Canada, Northern Economic Development Agency. 2011. “A Matter of Survival: Arctic Communications Infrastructure in the 21st Century.” Accessed April 6, 2021. http://www.aciareport.ca/resources/acia_full-v1.pdf. 
  34. Government Offices of Sweden. 2020. “Sweden’s strategy for the Arctic region.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://www.government.se/4ab869/contentassets/c197945c0be646a482733275d8b702cd/swedens-strategy-for-the-arctic-region-2020.pdf.
  35. Hare, Nick and Peter Coghill. 2016. “The future of the intelligence analysis task.” Intelligence and National Security 31, no. 6 (2016): 858-870.https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1115238 
  36. Heininen, Lassi, Alexander Sergunin, and Gleb Yarovoy. 2014. “Russian Strategies in the Arctic: Avoiding a New Cold War.” Valdai, September 2014. https://www.uarctic.org/media/857300/arctic_eng.pdf. 
  37. Huebert, Rob. 2011. “Submarines, oil tankers, and icebreakers.” Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis 66, no. 4 (December 2011): 809-824. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00207020110660040 
  38. Humpert, Malte. 2019. “Canada and Russia are looking to deploy surveillance drones in the Arctic.” Arctic Today, February 26, 2019. https://www.arctictoday.com/canada-and-russia-are-looking-to-deploy-surveillance-drones-in-the-arctic/. 
  39. Khorrami, Nima. 2020. “Small and Non-Aligned: Sweden’s Strategic Posture in the Arctic (Part II).” The Arctic Institute, September 4, 2020. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/small-non-aligned-sweden-strategic-posture-arctic-part-ii/.
  40. Kingdom of Denmark. 2011. “Strategy for the Arctic 2011-2020.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://um.dk/~/media/um/english-site/documents/politics-and-diplomacy/greenland-and-the-faroe-islands/arctic%20strategy.pdf?la=en. 
  41. Krepinevich, Andrew F. 1994. “Cavalry to Computer: The Pattern of Military Revolutions.” The National Interest, September 1, 1994. https://nationalinterest.org/article/cavalry-to-computer-the-pattern-of-military-revolutions-848.  
  42. Lee, Connie. 2020. “Finland Upgrading Military Capabilities.” National Defense, May 20, 2020. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/5/20/finland-upgrading-military-capabilities. 
  43. Mazarr, Michael J. Arthur Chan, Alyssa Demus, Bryan Frederick, Alireza Nader, Stephanie Pezard, Julia A. Thompson, and Elina Treyger. 2018. What Deters and Why. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2451.html. 
  44. McGwin, Kevin. 2019. “Denmark will triple Arctic defense spending.” Arctic Today, December 3, 2019. https://www.arctictoday.com/denmark-will-triple-arctic-defense-spending/. 
  45. Mellander, Maria and Hans Mouritzen. 2016. “Learning to assert themselves: Small states in asymmetrical dyads – two Scandinavian dogs barking at the Russian bear.” Cooperation and Conflict 51, no. 4 (2016): 447-466. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010836716652427 
  46. Morgunova, Maria. 2020. “Why is exploitation of Arctic offshore oil and natural gas resources ongoing? A multi-level perspective on the cases of Norway and Russia.” The Polar Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 64-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2020.1757823 
  47. Morrison, John N.L. 2014. “Intelligence in the Cold War.” Cold War History 14, no. 4 (2014): 575-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2014.950248 
  48. NATO. n.d. “Iceland & NATO.” Accessed March 26, 2021. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-21A87C2D-BE06D3F1/natolive/declassified_162083.htm?selectedLocale=en. 
  49. The Norwegian Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2020. “Arctic Policy: People, opportunities and Norwegian interests in the Arctic.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/nord/whitepaper_abstract2020.pdf.
  50. The Norwegian Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2006. “High North Strategy.” Accessed April 6, 2021. https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ud/vedlegg/strategien.pdf. 
  51. Odynova, Alexandra. 2021. “Russian tanker cuts a previously impossible path through the warming Arctic.” CBS News, February 23, 2021. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-tanker-cuts-a-previously-impossible-path-through-the-warming-arctic/. 
  52. Prime Minister’s Office: Finland. 2013. Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region 2013. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office Publications. https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/334509/Arktinen+strategia+2013+en.pdf/6b6fb723-40ec-4c17-b286-5b5910fbecf4. 
  53. Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon. 2020. “Denmark Walks a Tightrope in Greenland.” In Geopolitics and Neglected Arctic Spaces: Three Perspectives on Balancing External Interests. CSIS Northern Connections. 
  54. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/201102_Northern_Connections_Geopolitics_Neglected_Arctic_Spaces.pdf 
  55. Raymond, Vanessa Lee. 2016. “Projecting Absence: A Decade of US Arctic Intelligence, Policy, and Perceptions of Russia.” Master’s diss., University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
  56. Regens, James L. 2019. “Augmenting human cognition to enhance strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence.” Intelligence and National Security 34, no. 5 (2019): 673-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1579410 
  57. Regeringskansliet. 2020. Summary of Government bill ‘Totalforsvaret 2021-2025’ (Total defence 2021-2025). Regeringskansliet. https://www.government.se/4af8fa/globalassets/government/dokument/forsvarsdepartementet/ip-2021-2025/summary-of-government-bill-total-defence-2021-2025-final.pdf.
  58. Rotnem, Thomas E. 2018. “Putin’s Arctic Strategy: Collaboration or Conflict after Ukraine?” Problems of Post-Communism 65, no. 1 (2018): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2016.1222869 
  59. Saxena, Abhishek. 2020. “The Return of Great Power Competition to the Arctic.” The Arctic Institute, October 22, 2020. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/return-great-power-competition-arctic/. 
  60. Sergunin, Alexander and Gunhild Hoogensen Gjorv. 2020. “The Politics of Russian Arctic shipping: evolving security and geopolitical factors.” The Polar Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 251-272.    https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2020.1799613 
  61. Sputnik News. 2014. “US Planes Flying Near Russian Border Almost Every Day: Russian Air Force.” Sputnik News, December 16, 2014. https://sputniknews.com/russia/201412161015907245/. 
  62. Thompson, John. 2017. “Canadian military seeks underwater sensors for Arctic surveillance.” Nunatsiaq News, November 29, 2017. https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/65674canadian_military_seeks_underwater_sensors_for_arctic_surveillance/. 
  63. Trellevik, Amund. 2019. “Norway has spied on the Russian military for 70 years. Only with Frode Berg did it go seriously wrong.” High North News, November 19, 2019. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/norway-has-spied-russian-military-70-years-only-frode-berg-did-it-go-seriously-wrong. 
  64. Trevithick, Joseph. 2020. “The Navy Is Building A Network Of Drone Submarines And Sensor Buoys In The Arctic.” The Warzone, October 1, 2020. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36821/the-navy-is-building-a-network-of-drone-submarines-and-sensor-buoys-in-the-arctic. 
  65. US Department of Defense. 2013. Arctic Strategy. Washington: US Department of Defense. https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2013_Arctic_Strategy.pdf
  66. US Department of Defense, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. 2019. Report to Congress: Department of Defense Arctic Strategy. Washington: Defense Media. https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jun/06/2002141657/-1/-1/1/2019-DOD-ARCTIC-STRATEGY.PDF 
  67. US Department of Defense, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. 2011. Report to Congress on Arctic Operations and the Northwest Passage. Washington: Defense Media. https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jun/06/2002141657/-1/-1/1/2019-DOD-ARCTIC-STRATEGY.PDF. 
  68. US Department of State, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. 1972. Agreement Between the Government of The United States of America and the Government of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents On and Over the High Seas. Moscow: US Department of Defense. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/4791.htm. 
  69. Von Loringhoven and Arndt Freytag. “A new era for NATO intelligence.” NATO Review. October 29, 2019. https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2019/10/29/a-new-era-for-nato-intelligence/index.html#:~:text=The%20most%20significant%20reform%20came,(JISD)%20at%20NATO%20Headquarters.&text=The%20Secretary%20General%20has%20been,awareness%20and%20inform%20policy%20making. 
  70. Wark, Wesley. “Favourable geography: Canada’s Arctic signals intelligence mission.” Intelligence and National Security 35, no. 3 (February 2020): 319-330.
  71. Weir, Gary E. “Virtual War in the Ice Jungle: ‘We don’t know how to do this.’” The Journal of Strategic Studies 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 411-427. 
  72. Weitsman, Patricia. Waging War: Alliances, Coalitions and Institutions of International Violence. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2014.

DISCLAIMER: The findings and conclusions published herein are solely attributed to the author and not necessarily endorsed or adopted by the Journal of Science Policy and Governance. Articles are distributed in compliance with copyright and trademark agreements.

ISSN 2372-2193
Picture
© 2022 Journal of Science Policy & Governance, Inc. All rights reserved. The opinions, findings and conclusions from JSPG publications and events do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal.
  • Home
  • About
    • About
    • JSPG Anniversary Page
    • Staff
    • Ambassadors
    • Boards >
      • Advisory Board
      • Governing Board
      • Editorial Board
    • Careers >
      • Associate Editor
      • Ambassador
    • Partners
    • Sponsorships
    • Contact
  • Volumes
    • GHFUTURES2030 Strengthening Youth-centered Policy and Governance of Digital Transformations in Health.
    • UNESCO AND MGCY OPEN SCIENCE POLICIES AS AN ACCELERATOR FOR ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
    • Volume 21 Issue 01 >
      • Cover Memo: Volume 21, Issue 1, Summer Standard Issue
    • JSPG and UCL STEAPP Special Topics: Innovations in Science Diplomacy >
      • Cover Memo: Volume 20, Issue 3, Special Issue on Innovations in Science Diplomacy
    • Sigma XI-JSPG Special Issue: Re-envisioning STEM Education and Workforce Development for the 21st Century
    • Volume 20 Issue 01
    • JSPG Volume 19 Issue 01 (10 Years of Publishing)
    • Special Issue: 2021 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Special Issue: Shaping the Future of Science Policy
    • JSPG-UK SIN Special Issue: Climate Change Solutions
    • Volume 18 Issue 01
    • Special Issue: 2020 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Volume 17 Issue 01 (Supported by AAAS STPF)
    • JSPG-UN MGCY Special Issue: Impacts of Emerging Technologies
    • Volume 16 Issue 01
    • Volume 15 (Supported by CSPC)
    • Special Issue: 2019 NSPN-JSPG Policy Memo Competition
    • Volume 14
    • Volume 13
    • Volume 12
    • Volume 11
    • Volume 10
    • Volume 9
    • Volume 8
    • Volume 7
    • Volume 6
    • JSPG-UCS Special Issue: Healthy Food Policy
    • Volume 5
    • Volume 4
    • Special Issue: Hot Topics 2013
    • Volume 3
    • Volume 2
    • Volume 1
  • Submit to JSPG
    • Special Topics Call for Submissions: Policy and Governance on Science, Technology and Global Security
    • Special Topics Call for Submissions: Development Policy and Global Change Science to Achieve the Vision of Sustainable Americas
    • Submission deadlines and guidelines
  • Announcements
    • News
    • Blog
  • Events
    • JSPG, APS FPS Events
    • JSPG, IAI Events
    • Leadership chat series
  • Training
    • Writing
    • Resources
  • Media Mentions
  • Policy in action
  • Podcast